Aspirin 500 to 1000 mg is a first-line therapy for moderate to severe primary headaches. Improve the healing of the tendon in tendinopathy when combined with NO by decreasing the water content and enhancing the collagen content of the injured tendonĪsprin is metabolized into salicylic acid (SA) and used at doses of less than or equal to 325 mg per day to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events whereas it is used at higher doses (500 to 1000 mg as a single dose and 3000 to 4000 mg per day) to reduce pain, fever, and inflammation. It may be used without a prescription and is the drug of choice in patients who cannot have treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as well as those patients with bronchial asthma, peptic ulcer disease, hemophilia, salicylate-sensitized people, children under 12 years of age, and pregnant or breastfeeding women.Īcetaminophen is used alone or combined with other medications to treat acute primary headaches it is combined with aspirin and caffeine for a migraine and tension-type headache and combined with tramadol for a cluster headache. Habitual caffeine consumption may have benefits in other fields such as neurodegenerative disorders, dementia in Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson disease and improve the neurobehavioral performance without changing the subjective assessment of sleepiness and fatigue.Īcetaminophen is also known as paracetamol, and it is the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic drug around the world. Other clinical studies showed decreases in bilirubin neurotoxicity after introducing caffeine to rats. It can help shorten the time of mechanical ventilation in premature babies who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, which may reduce the risk of lung injury. Furthermore, it has a role in decreasing the rate of patent ductus arteriosus requiring treatment and reducing the likelihood of discharging home with oxygen. It is used as therapy for apnea of prematurity, decreases the risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and decreases brain damage in hypoxic brain injury. A study also showed that introducing caffeine after general anesthesia enhanced the recovery from the anesthesia, but further studies are needed.Ĭaffeine has a significant role in treating and preventing further damage in premature babies younger than 32 weeks and with very low birth weight (500 to 1250 g). Adding 100 mg of caffeine to 400 mg of ibuprofen showed more efficacy than ibuprofen alone after dental extraction. Therefore, athletes use it as an ergogenic aid to increase physical performance.Īdding 100 mg or more caffeine to a standard dose of commonly used analgesics provides a small but significant increase in pain relief in postoperative procedures.
Early administration of ergotamine/caffeine compounds may also be effective.Ī clinical study showed that discontinuing caffeine before a migraine attack can increase the efficacy of acute treatment.Ĭaffeine improved high-intensity exercise tolerance and less fatigue but no change in power. It can be found as over-the-counter (OTC) medication or in other sources such as coffee, tea, sodas, gum, and candy.īesides migraines and tension-type headaches, caffeine is considered effective for other types of headaches like post-dural puncture headaches and hypnic headaches, which can present with cranial autonomic features.Ĭlinical studies showed that caffeine citrate (intravenous ) might be used alone in acute migraine attacks, but it might be inferior to magnesium sulfate (IV) in moderate-to-severe migraines. This combination may have other benefits according to the components.Ĭaffeine is legal, cheap, and not regulated in almost all parts of the world. All components of this combination are considered safe during breastfeeding and can be taken orally for acute migraine attacks.
This combination is well-tolerated in episodic tension-type headaches and is considered superior to acetaminophen monotherapy. The FDA recognized the combination of acetylsalicylic acid (250 mg), acetaminophen (250 mg), and caffeine (65 mg) as safe and effective in treating acute headaches, especially migraine, and was considered effective also by the American Headache Society.
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